FTPS（FTP+SSL）1 ^2 i# h8 M$ r# {5 b2 s- E8 m6 j- V1 W
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ftps是一种多传输协议，相当于加密版的FTP。当你在FTP服务器上收发文件的时候，你面临两个风险。第一个风险是在上载文件的时候为文件加密。第二个风险是，这些文件在你等待接收方下载的时候将停留在FTP服务器上，这时你如何保证这些文件的安全。你的第二个选择(创建一个支持SSL的FTP服务器)能够让你的主机使用一个FTPS连接上载这些文件。这包括使用一个在FTP协议下面的SSL层加密控制和数据通道。一种替代FTPS的协议是安全文件传输协议(SFTP)。这个协议使用SSH文件传输协议加密从客户机到服务器的FTP连接。1 i5 j" G0 A! u. L6 y6 v( U& t! O( X
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FTPS是在安全套接层使用标准的FTP协议和指令的一种增强型TFP协议，为FTP协议和数据通道增加了SSL安全功能。FTPS也称作“FTP-SSL”和“FTP-over-SSL”。SSL是一个在客户机和具有SSL功能的服务器之间的安全连接中对数据进行加密和解密的协议。
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e( W% a( M1 o/ p* y) d和sftp连接方法类似，在windows中可以使用FileZilla等传输软件来连接FTPS进行上传，下载文件，建立，删除目录等操作,在FileZilla连接时，有显式和隐式TLS/SSL连接之分，连接时也有指纹提示。8 i1 G) {3 l. o) m6 l' ]( ]8 l: v5 B
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安全：ftps ftp+ssl
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5 w3 G9 D+ d; {7 k$ Q: @/ Z# F准备工作：
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& s- o J. p8 L) Q准备一:关闭防火墙；
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准备二：挂载光盘；
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准备三：构建本地yum服务器。
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FTP+SSL配置详细过程:
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①.安装配置FTP服务器和抓包工具：（ftp：192.168.101.210）
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[root@ftp ~]# yum list all |grep vsftpd$ B% R* L# O: v/ b/ _4 s2 w, z- e
[root@ftp ~]# yum install -y vsftpd
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& W9 K9 F# F) \" ^9 t4 Z* p) k5 y[root@ftp ~]# yum list all |grep wireshark
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0 P4 L9 n& p3 L/ Z C x[root@ftp ~]# yum install -y wireshark" b& s$ h8 i' h# c
3 \. S8 d& T' O# H! R[root@ftp ~]# useradd user1( f. m; I! B, W* m5 g, N
[root@ftp ~]# echo "123" |passwd --stdin user1
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[root@ftp ~]# service vsftpd start8 ]+ Q! f4 ` P) [
! o+ y& K3 `$ T! {Starting vsftpd for vsftpd: [ OK ], w1 l- T2 D( m$ L& n& p+ i
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& E8 C* M9 e& m' e8 Z/ [[root@ftp ~]# tshark -ni eth0 -R "tcp.dstport eq 21"
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5 V, r9 a: a; \. A②.配置本地CA证书服务器：" \( i$ R4 S0 f
5 ^) q- d; u, K9 D, U[root@ftp ~]# cd /etc/pki/
% O; @7 Z+ v% ]2 e[root@ftp pki]# ll
) W3 O- j$ J( t( h[root@ftp pki]# vim tls/openssl.cnf0 g9 p; E. o8 E
45 dir = /etc/pki/CA( r6 p$ l5 S' c4 c
88 countryName = optional9 H; g( w* q( w% I; l
% `2 ?& K9 t1 ]% a1 E4 L89 stateOrProvinceName = optional( V6 R" H; k M- G6 p x
1 C5 d' n% c4 r90 organizationName = optional5 R* R" K6 e, V' G. h; Y! j
; V8 B! ]' r3 U, K" I[root@ftp pki]# cd CA/' N6 }0 O& v: K, ?2 x
[root@ftp CA]# mkdir certs newcerts crl
( {. T3 b# l5 }) \[root@ftp CA]# touch index.txt serial
' P) E+ c8 {3 V# h$ G[root@ftp CA]# echo "01" >serial% J8 }$ k+ u( C+ k( d
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[root@ftp CA]# ll' p0 g3 n) O7 d; r- M
[root@ftp CA]# openssl genrsa 1024 > private/cakey.pem
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Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus
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...........++++++
- K$ g! d: I# ~3 P4 B" h....++++++
3 s- h8 l g1 L, c9 Y2 q" Ke is 65537 (0x10001)
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[root@ftp CA]# chmod 600 private/cakey.pem0 Z5 |+ _" `% O3 o9 t# @
[root@ftp CA]# ll private/cakey.pem+ H$ ^- a! `: r
-rw------- 1 root root 887 Feb 10 23:22 private/cakey.pem
; H0 b7 P# w6 W2 F) q+ @[root@ftp CA]# openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 3650
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You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
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p. Z' K: _, }, dinto your certificate request.
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5 \- Y' _, m1 N- C5 |7 N, E8 R- MWhat you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.- p& o/ p# j! w7 F z( @0 j
0 i. I+ L, c% o6 ^* `1 Z+ qThere are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
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0 J: I! [) w$ h1 @& F9 }For some fields there will be a default value,
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If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
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-----
" e a! N$ z. @Country Name (2 letter code) [GB]:cn# j3 n/ [" r* H9 |
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State or Province Name (full name) [Berkshire]:henan4 C7 l- F5 _3 N5 u0 R4 @
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Locality Name (eg, city) [Newbury]:zhengzhou* U. f+ z( U$ P" m4 V/ q# q i
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Organization Name (eg, company) [My Company Ltd]:junjie: U2 F$ m8 ~7 z$ @. ?! \
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Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:soft
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. R& c9 b- Y& X, zCommon Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:ca.junjie.com5 d0 |" I) d, T# E9 r( Z/ l
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Email Address []:junjie@junjie.com
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③.为ftp服务器创建证书：5 C1 R: g: p5 B+ {& A( Y
. b3 ]5 y% I: l[root@ftp CA]# mkdir /etc/vsftpd/certs. q- D5 g% W! v X+ G1 z
[root@ftp CA]# cd /etc/vsftpd/certs0 s9 I4 Z, ~( A, `0 P
[root@ftp certs]# openssl genrsa 1024 >vsftpd.key5 ]& F: V* t0 J3 ?, m
Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus6 ^ D: S5 |1 b# Q
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....++++++2 L0 A* Z: R3 Y5 B5 h$ U# E
...++++++
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[root@ftp certs]# openssl req -new -key vsftpd.key -out vsftpd.csr
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You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated1 J; s, j9 }- t
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into your certificate request., H2 f$ \ G5 [" i: w) [
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What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.0 r( { T9 Q0 ?. `1 f. b" P
3 V$ J- g$ ^+ bThere are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
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- n/ ?1 O' R7 u2 A+ I$ sFor some fields there will be a default value,/ q8 R; z+ ^) I4 A! a
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If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.; L9 O8 H; e) I1 M2 p
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- s! b# j1 U& e: S* wCountry Name (2 letter code) [GB]:cn
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State or Province Name (full name) [Berkshire]:henan& v H! `- e/ Q
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Locality Name (eg, city) [Newbury]:zhengzhou& a4 a6 o3 p: R1 D8 k" g
4 A$ W' ?9 i" Y! @9 oOrganization Name (eg, company) [My Company Ltd]:junjie
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0 E/ A' D) U! [: C+ `8 oOrganizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:ftp
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Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:ftp.junjie.com$ ?. [. W7 D; {9 w$ s9 z: a: d! u; v
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Email Address []:ftp@junjie.com! E' g1 ~! O' \5 ?
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Please enter the following 'extra' attributes: c7 A" d5 G( F1 O
0 U' N, _/ d) | ^/ ]to be sent with your certificate request9 x6 b7 X4 z- w% F) ~4 p
4 _& f& M# o+ mA challenge password []:/ h' x* Q3 p' n! s; A& T
8 t/ X! r! m4 ]0 t+ ~An optional company name []:7 C; `+ {" D8 Q8 H) S" p( n
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[root@ftp certs]# openssl ca -in vsftpd.csr -out vsftpd.crt
7 I* a; x' B+ G! o* M( MUsing configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
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Check that the request matches the signature; S0 ~% z. {5 f3 q/ _" X
0 F$ N8 f5 L `. `$ MSignature ok7 g( `0 s0 }! H1 ^9 Q
Certificate Details:
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5 v: r! S9 s4 m6 ]( O$ q+ [ Serial Number: 1 (0x1)6 `. ]! U8 c# r$ U7 J9 O2 |- b* N4 w
Validity
$ S) K, p; a* C" H Not Before: Feb 10 15:48:55 2012 GMT1 d4 |9 v: U7 i5 X' x
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Not After : Feb 9 15:48:55 2013 GMT- h& _8 \7 ^! e9 C6 J' d: H
Subject:
$ ] Z8 `7 a# O- z countryName = cn
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organizationName = junjie
4 r# b# r1 w! H: b# P+ }6 j organizationalUnitName = ftp2 l5 m7 a1 l$ k V# `* J1 K
commonName = ftp.junjie.com/ H, Z6 J9 R# m& c' T# N+ O% ? w" s
emailAddress = junjie@junjie.com
; O, Q% q- F& F& Z X509v3 extensions:
# z4 ~! Z8 T! n, N X509v3 Basic Constraints:! A5 P/ P0 z8 I; C1 [/ n
CA:FALSE
' s0 \) q9 m" k, M7 T- ] Netscape Comment:
- Y% {# C% S+ v5 h5 ?( `9 J- h0 u OpenSSL Generated Certificate2 P! s" ^5 K" z5 u( V# P$ S
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:! F# }$ U8 T# u
33:C5:01:33:A5:CF:42:9F:24:A9:0D:E9:41:8E:26:C3:1B:7B:18:11. w8 e; v. n" M1 s* g
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X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:1 T: S+ K' D6 {- d5 r& [8 s6 x4 R# A
keyid:50 1:A8:0A:1F:B7:CD:49:94:69:E3:70:E9:AE:93:73:2C:94:66:AC8 M, B7 P/ k% T
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Certificate is to be certified until Feb 9 15:48:55 2013 GMT (365 days)8 Z5 R) ~7 B0 v8 Q; |5 [4 m/ M
, x+ F" d, w6 N; [2 e) N6 G+ M! kSign the certificate? [y/n]:y0 @- y# n* B8 p' [
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, j# Z4 k0 [! { a7 ]) Y# b' B1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y: M0 y3 D6 K) \( p) `
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Write out database with 1 new entries+ }$ f- R6 e* K' q
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Data Base Updated9 x h1 @1 x/ a* | v' Z& M
[root@ftp certs]# ll
+ m6 z8 P! m8 \4 ?% A[root@ftp certs]# chmod 600 *
/ i+ @. F! N6 i! G9 C! \, G% i[root@ftp certs]# ll
$ j$ w% a4 y* c9 A④.使ftp服务应用证书：
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[root@ftp certs]# cd /etc/vsftpd/
M" P% X" y" }. u1 ][root@ftp vsftpd]# vim vsftpd.conf #增加以下内容
0 O; }2 y9 P F2 \) {* R$ n118 rsa_cert_file=/etc/vsftpd/certs/vsftpd.crt0 E. U! o# y! _5 }* \) Y
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119 rsa_private_key_file=/etc/vsftpd/certs/vsftpd.key
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120 force_local_data_ssl=YES
- s: y% a6 x/ w- K121 force_local_logins_ssl=YES
) D3 w' }- ~7 v) t1 ?9 R122 ssl_enable=YES
2 \2 ^' d4 ^6 q( j) f P123 ssl_sslv2=YES% i: e; ]3 I- v2 `! R
124 ssl_sslv3=YES
( c! A" c( p# ~9 c) j125 ssl_tlsv1=YES8 e8 B" L; `$ H$ E q5 x
[root@ftp vsftpd]# service vsftpd restart
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( P: t, }& f/ {* p! Z! gShutting down vsftpd: [ OK ]
5 c% y- Q$ I5 N* B( e/ q& CStarting vsftpd for vsftpd: [ OK ]
( i' v# D% V3 @. E, `⑤客户端测试（已加密传输）：
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从上面看出证书名称出现问题，但可是可以使用！选择接收一次！
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- `$ {& \: B y( i; a( I& {该次登录抓包内容如下所示：传输已经经过加密！! f' f# | l" W! a
[root@ftp ~]# tshark -ni eth0 -R "tcp.dstport eq 21"
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[root@ftp ~]# tshark -ni eth0 -R "tcp.dstport eq 21"8 W: h. d- S4 F% V. k" Y
; ` F4 T# Y. y/ E" fRunning as user "root" and group "root". This could be dangerous.% R, S/ k A2 P& k
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Capturing on eth05 I/ n4 W+ \! {2 A
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9.742109 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [SYN] Seq=0 Win=8192 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=2% i6 L, [3 w. m1 b8 J. a% k
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9.742144 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=65700 Len=0
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7 U. P' U% G1 r7 B( y) x 9.747458 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: AUTH SSL3 ^( D- O+ T' @ X# H4 Y
" L7 `& H2 Y" W0 b4 _: y# k. N 9.755605 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \200\310\001\003\001\000\237\000\000\000 \000\300\024\000\300 L6 _* [+ J! }. X
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9.758795 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \026\003\001\000\206\020\000\000\202\000\200n\257\315\204\324o
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9.778662 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\215\325t\357\277\001\376FZ\243D\373\003\367\231\207Q\324\003Q}/\335\025\027\003\001\000 \f\355b\270\355\325\020[\372\302s{^\375\307\364C\307\243\251v9\370\364\260\277\253\317\321gB]7 f7 Q) m4 z, t N5 Y3 I
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9.779885 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\324\000\267\312\0320\213\266y\311\025[\371\275?\254Y\257\024[\245vjM\027\003\001\000(\236\321\221Z\321Z(\316'\343.\235?\321=8\264b\270(j\336\231\210\265\207K\223A\037"\277\251\252t\252a`\374
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9.782153 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\257d\313mXZT\356\2366\334q\223\017gt\371\232\207\226\325
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1 K$ i9 f, ~! U7 C 9.793165 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\0301\020S\237\372\210\004N4\370\366\377\2213m\356\233w:\275)>@%\027\003\001\000 Y\032\275BM=3J\313\240\241\372Z\371@\335\262\252\240\235\021\345\271\305\223\211\020\340\332\323Q\251
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9.795630 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\302\016=LR\272\030{\034\277V\256]\230\247\363\355M\241\327U\207k\032\027\003\001\000 OYi\216=S\322\212)\271V\016\2519w\332f\213\222S\244\275M\316\025N\302:k\312b\331 z& f8 i! g3 L2 Y
! p0 J( P" \" ]9 r& ` 9.796727 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1260 Win=64440 Len=0
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5 ?0 A" X# X2 k1 D5 ~ 9.797542 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1334 Win=64364 Len=02 ^4 ]3 r0 X# g0 |& x6 ]
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9.798327 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1408 Win=64292 Len=0
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9 T( F% x2 E* h6 R, b 9.798775 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1482 Win=65700 Len=0
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2 ?' G6 G+ L- Q4 M6 m. f2 _/ V# R 9.799387 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1564 Win=65616 Len=0
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9.799910 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1638 Win=65544 Len=09 X# Q: M) c$ ~; I0 |
, {5 _( o) n x: F. m 9.805078 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030G}\305\210\021s\244q\023k=\345R\232A\366B\360\202\320\361(x\344\027\003\001\000 \351W\350\377\362\2756\334\303\035+1l|{\304\277\224\326n\036d\213\217\b\216\023N\225\003a\2747 c+ K* A( m$ ^; W/ c4 V
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9.810763 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\203\354F\302\253\205\212\355\334$\321=\303h\276\302\350\320.\346\223\337BG\027\003\001\000 73\027\372#\2327 o. Z) I% Z; Z/ B& F
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9.813350 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\203x`k\337RM\341w\022N\255|f\260U ?\354)A\301^\251\027\003\001\000 \031`\366\364He\030\266z)\373\265\237\261\3430\220\331\340Kv[\033\347\tXj\344\314\236\242/ d! c% t" W( K" l
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9.814073 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\307\2126sY\a\237\034\321\277!j\320\213\235\032\277e\345\361E>|)\027\003\001\000 \256\304}:-\365\034\aD~\fk`]\314\b\207\365-\217\305\244
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9.838659 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\300\272t&\t(\262\243\361\210\263\343\326\261\017$\317V\002\354\325\271\250\366\027\003\001\000 \350F\305\360\363\365\033\274W\207M\006\216\255\016\365\205z\033\002\032B\345,\3712\034\377\327[\272P% T9 g0 d/ t5 a
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9.851675 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=1071 Ack=2041 Win=65140 Len=09 l( _3 B8 ~9 g3 g/ F
* G, n1 \! k1 [* d 9.856073 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\f\357\000E/\372\333\247\016\344\315\345\346\271L\327\214CE0*i\316\332\027\003\001\000(8\220\341\316.*\234dM\235
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6 K- T- M0 R0 H ~ 10.061779 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=1145 Ack=2094 Win=65088 Len=0
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8 D* r2 S3 D# |3 r2 m4 j 39.978110 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030=\032\322\022\216B\025O\016\034
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39.980672 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [FIN, ACK] Seq=1211 Ack=2139 Win=65040 Len=0 e+ _# H" D, X" v% ]0 i' O# l! j
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39.980725 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [RST, ACK] Seq=1212 Ack=2149 Win=0 Len=0! p J. E$ L5 w) M
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27 packets captured
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[root@ftp ~]# |
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发表于 2013-1-22 22:31:55