FTPS（FTP+SSL）5 O, h$ F* Q2 _8 [" k5 D
4 @% ?7 p6 d( M" c( M4 P9 ]0 y ftps是一种多传输协议，相当于加密版的FTP。当你在FTP服务器上收发文件的时候，你面临两个风险。第一个风险是在上载文件的时候为文件加密。第二个风险是，这些文件在你等待接收方下载的时候将停留在FTP服务器上，这时你如何保证这些文件的安全。你的第二个选择(创建一个支持SSL的FTP服务器)能够让你的主机使用一个FTPS连接上载这些文件。这包括使用一个在FTP协议下面的SSL层加密控制和数据通道。一种替代FTPS的协议是安全文件传输协议(SFTP)。这个协议使用SSH文件传输协议加密从客户机到服务器的FTP连接。# y* p- a' r5 ~) D
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$ i: d* p# V0 k, ]4 `. s ]FTPS是在安全套接层使用标准的FTP协议和指令的一种增强型TFP协议，为FTP协议和数据通道增加了SSL安全功能。FTPS也称作“FTP-SSL”和“FTP-over-SSL”。SSL是一个在客户机和具有SSL功能的服务器之间的安全连接中对数据进行加密和解密的协议。; A+ }: I! K. e9 G8 q
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和sftp连接方法类似，在windows中可以使用FileZilla等传输软件来连接FTPS进行上传，下载文件，建立，删除目录等操作,在FileZilla连接时，有显式和隐式TLS/SSL连接之分，连接时也有指纹提示。* c2 {) x" e1 l7 `% U, ^) ^8 g& p
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安全：ftps ftp+ssl; Q6 {9 S& ]. Y8 m- u
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准备工作：9 _$ F2 F6 h( a" W* f, U. [
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准备一:关闭防火墙；6 {) u2 @6 ]' |6 X3 c6 s% X7 ]
^$ H. O7 Z$ U5 m7 J准备二：挂载光盘；
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4 B/ M( V& g. s/ ^4 [5 Q0 ?准备三：构建本地yum服务器。! M Z: _( \0 Z1 }$ F
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FTP+SSL配置详细过程:
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①.安装配置FTP服务器和抓包工具：（ftp：192.168.101.210）9 {1 l8 B: e/ z( B; c: c- ]& r
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[root@ftp ~]# yum list all |grep vsftpd) R+ c. m% E: l+ g2 U8 R* z
[root@ftp ~]# yum install -y vsftpd% U6 |! N# {# P
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[root@ftp ~]# yum list all |grep wireshark
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[root@ftp ~]# yum install -y wireshark
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; F. m: ]3 u2 g- G[root@ftp ~]# useradd user1
" \" X2 o& l+ X' c[root@ftp ~]# echo "123" |passwd --stdin user10 z8 O+ A L% d7 f- t" Z4 D8 S' A. n
; K& Z' ~ l i1 [- ] B4 w) y[root@ftp ~]# service vsftpd start/ x0 q6 ~% P/ f% T- w, e
' ?& Y; B; K& TStarting vsftpd for vsftpd: [ OK ]
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[root@ftp ~]# tshark -ni eth0 -R "tcp.dstport eq 21"
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②.配置本地CA证书服务器：
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% r0 _# F6 A5 C1 e, G+ K4 z+ c[root@ftp ~]# cd /etc/pki/
' q/ O7 f, ~+ S" d6 j7 W9 C[root@ftp pki]# ll
& J' b5 j+ F9 I& r& F$ i' u5 x[root@ftp pki]# vim tls/openssl.cnf
! z4 |, [; L0 W/ h0 F6 a6 J5 c9 w( r45 dir = /etc/pki/CA
' f/ S. e, [# B6 l" T# H8 @6 m88 countryName = optional5 t9 b/ U$ j) \ w) ?4 p
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89 stateOrProvinceName = optional
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90 organizationName = optional& {, ?% T/ \: c/ E7 {6 V& s$ a
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[root@ftp pki]# cd CA/
6 m& x% I1 l% e8 v4 ^[root@ftp CA]# mkdir certs newcerts crl
" ?* Y0 i% L9 b+ K. z- C" R; g) o/ F[root@ftp CA]# touch index.txt serial
$ G. K" Y! o' E; p' z[root@ftp CA]# echo "01" >serial. Z* Z9 f+ v& @9 I* s" w( j0 ]
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[root@ftp CA]# ll
# }4 ^' ?8 ]6 D9 k[root@ftp CA]# openssl genrsa 1024 > private/cakey.pem% U( z; |# v, y4 F
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Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus
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- V! x' J+ J; _- m2 t...........++++++0 ~- K/ _0 e2 M, l8 q
....++++++/ V- P3 j8 x9 T( G8 G2 V) _: E
e is 65537 (0x10001)
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[root@ftp CA]# chmod 600 private/cakey.pem g0 ^- X! t5 z, R5 V
[root@ftp CA]# ll private/cakey.pem
& y& M8 V( Z! X5 b-rw------- 1 root root 887 Feb 10 23:22 private/cakey.pem0 C5 o2 W5 q: f8 ^9 j
[root@ftp CA]# openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 3650
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. a; M& V) L! z9 x# m; P/ W0 wYou are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated3 p; g7 y! C9 S S' Y/ w8 M+ r
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into your certificate request.. u: h/ b- z' I! Y/ [# e
4 y9 m4 N! @" @6 h: S, RWhat you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
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There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
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3 e+ A! R, q) d! k/ D3 UFor some fields there will be a default value,, o, t8 X* E8 s) |, k& L
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If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. f. K# n3 R. h3 o& P1 p
4 H# R# k# Y0 a1 d-----
1 O; I+ T0 c* l$ b7 r4 \2 \* J5 RCountry Name (2 letter code) [GB]:cn5 J3 k7 \! K3 Y r$ W5 b
: M2 R5 p0 ~5 y0 Y" j) J: vState or Province Name (full name) [Berkshire]:henan7 _9 T4 d2 b6 Y: R- [
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Locality Name (eg, city) [Newbury]:zhengzhou5 z. n1 P* ~2 J! r V
8 k0 }' |2 B- O0 E) yOrganization Name (eg, company) [My Company Ltd]:junjie
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Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:soft6 ^8 A( j8 {! ~# F
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Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:ca.junjie.com! L3 M0 F2 i) q$ P, Q( T
. \+ s3 Y$ W( }7 j0 x& a% i! J+ j. @4 cEmail Address []:junjie@junjie.com" s6 ?& a" U* V8 Y$ M2 p( r+ B7 r
[root@ftp CA]#ll! Z" u( P/ B% X* J, i
③.为ftp服务器创建证书：& |5 h8 x) U. N8 _ v$ F" w2 n X1 S/ N
% ]+ l l- z* `9 ^- }' ^) W[root@ftp CA]# mkdir /etc/vsftpd/certs# l% w, v) L2 ~& s, V
[root@ftp CA]# cd /etc/vsftpd/certs& ~0 X4 I5 B+ I* n# t1 S
[root@ftp certs]# openssl genrsa 1024 >vsftpd.key9 x- G; e- P$ d0 ~* Z/ d- G
Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus
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....++++++4 @( d: R( k8 [$ ` Z# ^
...++++++
# U& ~$ j$ Z8 P7 \& De is 65537 (0x10001)0 i9 @2 R2 I- I2 W1 S
6 i2 X0 S+ T7 k: S0 n+ ?9 k0 ][root@ftp certs]# openssl req -new -key vsftpd.key -out vsftpd.csr
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* O; e' Y. [! X4 K9 {, D7 nYou are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated1 L% j) m, u4 Z4 E8 @" t* d: A
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into your certificate request.
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What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
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3 e$ }) O; ~3 gThere are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
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; x3 l. b$ j2 n+ j5 a6 w) fFor some fields there will be a default value,9 b/ \9 i, Y) ~& u. C4 a6 I
$ E2 K0 o; a+ t5 f8 e8 I; ~, Q3 A- XIf you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
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-----9 C% H3 H% _$ I+ g- z+ j6 T
Country Name (2 letter code) [GB]:cn
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State or Province Name (full name) [Berkshire]:henan
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Locality Name (eg, city) [Newbury]:zhengzhou
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Organization Name (eg, company) [My Company Ltd]:junjie
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Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:ftp. P* j8 O9 r' i; g
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Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:ftp.junjie.com5 ?$ ^0 ^$ D* l$ i% U8 L
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Email Address []:ftp@junjie.com
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Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
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to be sent with your certificate request
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A challenge password []:
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5 H1 `/ l: i4 _- M8 u/ nAn optional company name []:
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, O( t5 ^% z3 t; T+ q[root@ftp certs]# openssl ca -in vsftpd.csr -out vsftpd.crt
& x! V( `; I# s7 _Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
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* @0 s3 y1 b8 Y2 I1 A6 CCheck that the request matches the signature- j0 c$ Y. C8 {3 ]' x, w6 l
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Signature ok
5 Z' `0 c; g+ U1 ZCertificate Details:: U1 `" I. F0 ^* Q2 }0 o3 _
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Serial Number: 1 (0x1)" Q% y U. P( T G. x8 U
Validity& p5 O4 k1 ], c8 F. F& a
Not Before: Feb 10 15:48:55 2012 GMT. E* h5 Q: Y' \. A
+ z, o$ B/ V i) W# E h Not After : Feb 9 15:48:55 2013 GMT
9 L9 F9 k2 m9 i- ^: T D3 Y Subject:
. U+ q. e- C q: s2 M9 h' r! E Y countryName = cn0 f% K6 A9 t7 ]
stateOrProvinceName = henan$ W/ I5 B' v. }; K2 l: I" H; J
organizationName = junjie
) }/ O/ [/ z" m- }2 W' ^3 m3 K; c organizationalUnitName = ftp) ^, ~! a" p9 v! w
commonName = ftp.junjie.com7 @+ _2 D9 n5 [
emailAddress = junjie@junjie.com p& S/ e& d. ~% m5 k+ ]5 p. N
X509v3 extensions:7 n6 U" J; B) U$ H
X509v3 Basic Constraints:
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Netscape Comment:
% T! q9 u: ?( c: G4 ~5 s, i" ` OpenSSL Generated Certificate& f+ @1 e: o: b3 ]5 t# |0 S
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
& t$ p/ j9 Q& |' [ 33:C5:01:33:A5:CF:42:9F:24:A9:0D:E9:41:8E:26:C3:1B:7B:18:11
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X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
R4 K; T& Q: Q% L) @- _( X3 A' b keyid:50 1:A8:0A:1F:B7:CD:49:94:69:E3:70:E9:AE:93:73:2C:94:66:AC
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" g; Z) S$ x Y+ _Certificate is to be certified until Feb 9 15:48:55 2013 GMT (365 days)
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5 ~9 s; J% h1 ASign the certificate? [y/n]:y
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" W9 B/ T7 Q0 Y4 H# A3 p; K1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y) W' I" L" W9 ?7 V7 p( x, T
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Write out database with 1 new entries: f' |5 u1 x& m+ k7 L
- ]. A" }# `8 Q$ S# ~Data Base Updated
- M, `0 g; M8 `2 f% `[root@ftp certs]# ll
4 R7 e+ s/ `1 ?* p# q8 T ?[root@ftp certs]# chmod 600 *0 |3 I1 A8 U1 L* s
[root@ftp certs]# ll
% r, Y [0 W w④.使ftp服务应用证书：
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. P. D% n* J) E" N. i[root@ftp certs]# cd /etc/vsftpd/
7 F8 F# n( J0 d: g[root@ftp vsftpd]# vim vsftpd.conf #增加以下内容
! d h! ?$ O: P4 q; b8 c7 f3 `118 rsa_cert_file=/etc/vsftpd/certs/vsftpd.crt* R" w+ T: M: c4 s
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119 rsa_private_key_file=/etc/vsftpd/certs/vsftpd.key2 ]; i$ R9 f+ S3 V8 V) ]6 Q. f- d8 X% ~
+ w3 n5 I R- A5 O120 force_local_data_ssl=YES
: n! b4 a9 m: I, w121 force_local_logins_ssl=YES
4 H% p! A2 J X" c0 I$ d8 g122 ssl_enable=YES
2 N8 |* M: C8 `. z7 t! ^123 ssl_sslv2=YES5 }( w- D1 Q% p
124 ssl_sslv3=YES
0 s+ y/ _8 j/ J. w125 ssl_tlsv1=YES
0 m, q# I5 g, J& q/ U9 k I) v[root@ftp vsftpd]# service vsftpd restart* b( i. f. n4 }/ o7 y1 b% b
2 _0 u! H$ o& F+ X1 k% YShutting down vsftpd: [ OK ]* m, m1 x% }- `' d
Starting vsftpd for vsftpd: [ OK ]
' `4 B0 U9 h7 J5 v⑤客户端测试（已加密传输）：' `! [ T4 c5 t- X0 o5 F# Q5 d
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5 Q5 g4 s- G3 H8 i3 @) x从上面看出证书名称出现问题，但可是可以使用！选择接收一次！6 K$ g3 i* P8 {" N! O
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$ g5 q, O* x9 F) K8 m该次登录抓包内容如下所示：传输已经经过加密！
) K1 x: b7 L7 z/ R[root@ftp ~]# tshark -ni eth0 -R "tcp.dstport eq 21"7 i1 V: ?. P( g' ^" l" s8 A
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) W- q* W& a" {5 Y: S g4 u8 E[root@ftp ~]# tshark -ni eth0 -R "tcp.dstport eq 21"
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Running as user "root" and group "root". This could be dangerous.; I+ r z' }# N9 l- V8 ~. R
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Capturing on eth09 l1 m2 Z% n& T9 i% }! s1 G! j
& L! Y) L0 |5 q: `8 @ 9.742109 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [SYN] Seq=0 Win=8192 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=2
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9.742144 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=65700 Len=0
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9.747458 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: AUTH SSL1 F6 \: H# B$ u+ J. H- {6 h' z
3 y; d, w# a" [+ q% R' {; a 9.755605 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \200\310\001\003\001\000\237\000\000\000 \000\300\024\000\300
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9.758795 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \026\003\001\000\206\020\000\000\202\000\200n\257\315\204\324o
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9.778662 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\215\325t\357\277\001\376FZ\243D\373\003\367\231\207Q\324\003Q}/\335\025\027\003\001\000 \f\355b\270\355\325\020[\372\302s{^\375\307\364C\307\243\251v9\370\364\260\277\253\317\321gB]9 n+ D( [( l6 [
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9.779885 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\324\000\267\312\0320\213\266y\311\025[\371\275?\254Y\257\024[\245vjM\027\003\001\000(\236\321\221Z\321Z(\316'\343.\235?\321=8\264b\270(j\336\231\210\265\207K\223A\037"\277\251\252t\252a`\374% Q$ S* G* w7 t* Q9 q, a! q7 D! s
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9.782153 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\257d\313mXZT\356\2366\334q\223\017gt\371\232\207\226\325( [" @: k6 I& t l
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9.793165 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\0301\020S\237\372\210\004N4\370\366\377\2213m\356\233w:\275)>@%\027\003\001\000 Y\032\275BM=3J\313\240\241\372Z\371@\335\262\252\240\235\021\345\271\305\223\211\020\340\332\323Q\251
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9.795630 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\302\016=LR\272\030{\034\277V\256]\230\247\363\355M\241\327U\207k\032\027\003\001\000 OYi\216=S\322\212)\271V\016\2519w\332f\213\222S\244\275M\316\025N\302:k\312b\331& B- L/ P, J" M+ n9 G
! @( N( ~" z2 O0 P& [2 `9 d0 a, o
9.796727 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1260 Win=64440 Len=06 o w8 d& I+ x' H' }
9 R$ d% h6 _2 ?
9.797542 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1334 Win=64364 Len=0 y" @+ j$ q$ f; s# K5 s5 g8 W
: |* S/ f2 q) i b6 {# l7 G. }# k7 U 9.798327 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1408 Win=64292 Len=0
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A" B4 w* [' i 9.798775 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1482 Win=65700 Len=0" g7 n/ l: u% R3 Q; @/ J1 B
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9.799387 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1564 Win=65616 Len=0
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9.799910 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1638 Win=65544 Len=06 p# X+ \5 v/ E1 X, r8 @- Q# ?
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9.805078 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030G}\305\210\021s\244q\023k=\345R\232A\366B\360\202\320\361(x\344\027\003\001\000 \351W\350\377\362\2756\334\303\035+1l|{\304\277\224\326n\036d\213\217\b\216\023N\225\003a\274
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9 O5 Y' A$ \$ ~' p. [+ T; L) ` 9.810763 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\203\354F\302\253\205\212\355\334$\321=\303h\276\302\350\320.\346\223\337BG\027\003\001\000 73\027\372#\232
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8 I3 S3 M+ M: |7 X6 F z* D% [ 9.813350 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\203x`k\337RM\341w\022N\255|f\260U ?\354)A\301^\251\027\003\001\000 \031`\366\364He\030\266z)\373\265\237\261\3430\220\331\340Kv[\033\347\tXj\344\314\236\242
$ T Z, \% y$ R/ ]- f
# f8 E' ~( s" q! j) [) O9 a 9.814073 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\307\2126sY\a\237\034\321\277!j\320\213\235\032\277e\345\361E>|)\027\003\001\000 \256\304}:-\365\034\aD~\fk`]\314\b\207\365-\217\305\2443 x% ~& g- x, Z, U
1 s% N6 H( W7 m* p5 [, Q' p- j
9.838659 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\300\272t&\t(\262\243\361\210\263\343\326\261\017$\317V\002\354\325\271\250\366\027\003\001\000 \350F\305\360\363\365\033\274W\207M\006\216\255\016\365\205z\033\002\032B\345,\3712\034\377\327[\272P
6 k6 C. e) }& q6 k% u8 A; `4 N6 Q' x R# C, ?6 N
9.851675 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=1071 Ack=2041 Win=65140 Len=0
?5 W6 N: f" r
3 ~7 Y2 }# U' w- N; n$ _ 9.856073 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\f\357\000E/\372\333\247\016\344\315\345\346\271L\327\214CE0*i\316\332\027\003\001\000(8\220\341\316.*\234dM\235
# y4 O0 \! q* ~! O
/ r2 h$ Y$ D! n. n- w! ~- ] 10.061779 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=1145 Ack=2094 Win=65088 Len=0
5 a1 P7 R. z6 S3 ~" e7 n0 K4 J/ h- p& R6 s8 @( z
39.978110 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030=\032\322\022\216B\025O\016\034. [5 r' f+ v9 T& @( y- D: e
/ Q/ k7 l- V- K! r 39.980672 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [FIN, ACK] Seq=1211 Ack=2139 Win=65040 Len=0) K- ^) M$ }+ ~
) i+ t* h, L& C, c# v5 a 39.980725 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [RST, ACK] Seq=1212 Ack=2149 Win=0 Len=00 z; r+ W9 R( Z. A7 P2 h
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27 packets captured
$ {# ?7 a; {1 r$ T. e$ R! o% |6 H& J; v) P$ E5 [8 b2 [! V
[root@ftp ~]# |
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发表于 2013-1-22 22:31:55